Intravenous (IV) infusion is a medical procedure that delivers fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into a patient’s bloodstream through a vein. It is the preferred method for administration of treatments or nutrition when oral (by mouth) methods is not feasible for many reasons discussed separately.
Reasons for IV infusion:
- Rapid Effect: Medications delivered via IV are instantly available to the body because they bypass the digestive system and therefore act faster than those taken orally,.
- Hydration: Dehydrated patients and those at risk for dehydration can receive the necessary hydration faster.
- Nutritional Support: Patients who are unable to consume food, can receive essential nutrients directly.
Types of IV infusions are categorized by their consistency in solution:
- Crystalloids: These are water-based solutions that can move freely between the bloodstream and cells. Examples include Normal Saline and Lactated Ringer’s.
- Colloids: These contain larger molecules that stay within the bloodstream, helping to increase blood volume. Examples are albumin and hydroxyethyl starches.
- Blood Products: Used in cases of significant blood loss or anemia, these include whole blood, platelets, and plasma.