5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of cancer, such as breast, colorectal, stomach, pancreatic, head and neck, and skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma). It belongs to a class of drugs called antimetabolites, which work by interfering with the synthesis of DNA and RNA in cancer cells, ultimately inhibiting their growth and division.
5-FU can be administered either intravenously or topically, depending on the type and stage of the cancer being treated. The dosage and treatment schedule vary depending on the specific case and may be adjusted based on the patient’s response and side effects.
As with other chemotherapy drugs, 5-FU can cause side effects, which can range from mild to severe. Some common side effects include:
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- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue
- Mouth sores
- Hair loss
- Low blood cell counts (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Skin rash or sensitivity to sunlight
It is important for patients to discuss any concerns or side effects they experience with their healthcare provider, who can help manage these symptoms and determine the best course of action.