Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer often involves a combination of drugs. These combinations are used to increase the effectiveness of treatment by attacking the cancer cells in different ways. Here are some common drug combinations used in the treatment of colorectal cancer:
- FOLFOX: includes Fluorouracil (5-FU), Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin. It’s one of the most commonly used regimens for colorectal cancer.
- FOLFIRI: includes Fluorouracil (5-FU), Leucovorin, and Irinotecan.
- CAPEOX/XELOX: includes Capecitabine (an oral drug that is converted into 5-FU in the body) and Oxaliplatin.
- FOLFOXIRI: includes Fluorouracil (5-FU), Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin, and Irinotecan. This is a more aggressive treatment and is usually used for patients in good health with advanced colorectal cancer.
- 5-FU and Leucovorin: For some patients, a combination of 5-FU and Leucovorin may be used. Leucovorin is given to enhance the effectiveness of 5-FU.
In addition to chemotherapy, targeted therapies and immunotherapies may also be used in the treatment of colorectal cancer, often in combination with chemotherapy. These can include drugs like Bevacizumab (Avastin), Cetuximab (Erbitux), and Pembrolizumab (Keytruda), among others.
The choice of chemotherapy regimen depends on several factors, including the type and stage of colorectal cancer, the patient’s overall health, and the patient’s personal preferences. The potential benefits of each regimen must be weighed against the potential side effects. As always, these decisions should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider.